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''Course in General Linguistics'' ((フランス語:Cours de linguistique générale)) is an influential book compiled by Charles Bally and Albert Sechehaye from notes on lectures given by Ferdinand de Saussure at the University of Geneva between 1906 and 1911. It was published in 1916, after Saussure's death, and is generally regarded as the starting point of structural linguistics, an approach to linguistics that flourished in Europe and the United States in the first half of the 20th century. One of Saussure's translators, Roy Harris, summarized Saussure's contribution to linguistics and the study of language in the following way:
Although Saussure was specifically interested in historical linguistics, the ''Course'' develops a theory of semiotics that is more generally applicable. A manuscript containing Saussure's original notes was found in 1996, and later published as ''Writings in General Linguistics''. ==Semiology: ''langage'', ''langue'', and ''parole''== Writing in French, Saussure distinguishes between "language" (''langue'') and speech (''langage''). Language is a well-defined homogenous object in the heterogeneous mass of speech facts. Speech is many-sided and heterogenous. It belongs both to individual and society. Language is a self-contained whole and principle of classification. It is social. Language ("langue") is not complete in any speaker. It is a product that is assimilated by speakers. It exists only within a collectivity. Language is "a system of signs that express ideas. To explain how the social crystallization of language comes about Saussure proposes the notion of "individual speaking" ("parole" in French). Speaking (parole) is willful and intentional. While individual speaking (''parole'') is heterogeneous, that is to say composed of unrelated or differing parts or elements, language (''langue'') is homogeneous, a system of signs composed of the union of meanings and 'sound images' in which both parts are psychological. Therefore, as ''langue'' is systematic, it is this that Saussure focuses on since it allows an investigative methodology that is scientific in the sense of systematic. Beginning with the Greek word ‘semîon' meaning 'sign', Saussure proposes a new science semiology: ‘a science that studies the life of signs within society'. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Course in General Linguistics」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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